Dear Guests, this Blog is aimed as my informal thought about theoretical physics and related fields, such as computer science, mathematical physics, philosophy, biophysics and the others. It can be filled by everything which can be an idea or inspiration for my research interest. Regards, Agung Trisetyarso

Sunday, April 25, 2004

From:  "estananto"
Date:  Tue Apr 20, 2004  3:01 am
Subject:  Re: Perjalanan Ruhani dan Pemahaman Mengenai Teori Kuantum pada Setiap Manusia adalah Unik; was : Mengenai Perkataan Rumi


Dear mas moderator,

Saya sendiri bukan ahli fisika sehingga berani mengutip ucapan
Feynman. Juga bukan ahli tasawuf sehingga mengutip ucapan Rumi. Tapi
ketika saya membaca ungkapan keduanya, saya sadar bahwa segala macam
ilmu - termasuk sains - hanyalah tool (alat) yang bisa salah dan
bisa benar. Dulu orang percaya bumi datar, lalu katanya bumi bulat.

Dulu orang percaya bahwa matahari mengelilingi bumi, lalu ternyata
bumilah yang mengelilingi matahari. Dulu orang memuja teori Newton
yang memampukan orang membuat mesin, mobil, dan pesawat terbang,
kini orang beralih ke teori kuantum yang membingungkan buat orang
awam: kok ada dualisme partikel, bagaimana bisa?

Ilmu - termasuk sains - bukanlah tujuan, ia hanyalah tool untuk
menerangkan fenomena jagat raya. Alam semesta yang terkembang maupun
pengetahuan diri manusia tetaplah ada dan "menyediakan" dirinya
untuk diamati, "menyediakan" kesempatan bagi manusia untuk
menyaksikan kebesaran Tuhan. Dengan sains ada manusia yang bertambah
religius, tapi ada pula yang makin bertambah jauh dengan Tuhan, sama
halnya seperti kehidupan itu sendiri yang sifatnya adalah ujian.

Memutlakkan sains sebagai jalan pembuktian menurut saya adalah
riskan karena sains itu sendiri terus berkembang. Hari ini mungkin
ada mekanika kuantum lengkap dengan matematikanya, mungkin di masa
datang teori ini akan usang. Simaklah pernyataan Feynman ini: "The
basis of science is its ability to *predict*". Lebih lanjut Feynman
berkata: "Today we say that the law of relativity is supposed to be
true at all energies, but someday somebody may come along and say
how stupid we were. We do not know where we are "stupid" until
we "stick our neck out", and so the whole idea is to put our neck
out. And the only way to find out that we are wrong to find out
*what* our predisctions are. It is absolutely necessary to make
constructs."

Nasehat dari orang yang pertama kali mengatakan "there is a plenty
room in the bottom" 20 tahun lalu ini tentu bagi saya sebagai orang
awam sungguh luar biasa. Dia menyadari kekurangan sains yang
digelutinya dan tidak menepuk dada bahwa sainsnya *pasti* benar dan
yang lain salah. Mekanika kuantum tidak bisa digunakan - ini
intrepretasi saya terhadap pendapat Feynman - untuk segala kasus.

Orang dulu tidak punya teori mekanika kuantum atau fisika matematik
atau dalil-dalil filsafat yang canggih tapi ada juga orang2 yang
merenungi penciptaan sampai akhirnya mereka "sampai". Kerendah-
hatian Feynman mengajarkan saya bahwa sains sebagai hasil karya
manusia punya keterbatasan yang someday mungkin akan ditemukan,
karena ia hanya perkiraan, bukan pemastian.

Sikap Feynman ini juga dianut banyak orang bijak. Dalam tradisi
Islam dikenal empat mazhab hukum, yaitu Hanafi, Maliki, Syafii, dan
Hambali. Walaupun banyak pendapat mereka dalam menafsirkan agama
bisa berlainan, namun mereka tetap menghargai satu sama lain dan
mengatakan secara eksplisit bahwa mereka bisa salah. Ulama zaman
dahulu selalu mengakhiri artikelnya dengan "wallahu a'lam", yang
artinya "dan Tuhan mengetahui" untuk menyatakan ketidaktahuannya.

Sikap terbuka - dengan demikian - menjadi kunci bagi terwujudnya
kemajuan sains. Bukan mutlak2an yang akhirnya mengarah ke nuansa
saling tuduh yang sangat jauh dari etika ilmiah. Saya merasa sebagai
individu memiliki keterbatasan mencerna kebenaran hanya dengan akal,
seperti yang dikatakan Rumi sebagai "pencarian cendekiawan". Adakah
yang bisa memaparkan Cinta Tuhan dalam persamaan fisika matematik?
Untuk "stick our neck out" seperti kata Feynman, memang dibutuhkan
orang dari berbagai disiplin ilmu. Untuk itulah, saya sangat
berharap agar mas moderator bisa menjalankan fungsi beliau untuk
memoderatori orang-orang ini agar terjadi dialog yang pas. Bukan
pengarahan langsung ke suatu pendapat tertentu.

Salam,

Nano

NB: mas Agung, saya bukan orang IT walaupun bekerja di lapangan IT.
Dulu saya benar pernah mengambil master di Karlsruhe, tapi bukan di
University of Karlsruhe, melainkan University of Applied Sciences di
sana. Saat ini saya sangat membutuhkan pencerahan untuk Quantum
Cellular Automata (QCA).

John Baez Opinion's about Quantum Cellular Automata:

[spr] Quantum cellular automata
John Baez baez@galaxy.ucr.edu
Fri, 11 Oct 2002 17:42:39 +0000 (UTC)
Previous message: [spr] Re: Bell's theorem and Universe as a CA idea
Next message: [spr] Re: Bell's theorem and Universe as a CA idea
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In article ,

Greg Kuperberg wrote:

>>[Moderator's note: the problem is not so much "morals" as that
>>nobody has described how modelling the universe as a CA is supposed
>>to get around the fundamental indeterminacy of QM while still
>>agreeing with experiment. - jb]
>I don't know why people keep overlooking the notion of a quantum
>cellular automaton.

Some people do, but lots of people don't... and certainly not me!

The reason why I made the above remark was that we were talking
about attempts to model the world as an ordinary *classical*
cellular automaton. There are people who really want to do this,
and who scorn the thought of resorting to a *quantum* cellular automaton.
These people are even somewhat influential - though more
among computer scientists and hobbyists than among physicists.
The main two are Ed Fredkin and Stephen Wolfram.
There are two obvious difficulties that any attempt to
model the world as a cellular automaton must overcome:
The first is Bell's theorem. The second is the fact that
a lattice lacks symmetry under rotations and Lorentz boosts.
To get around the first problem one can use a quantum cellular
automaton. However, some people regard this as cheating.

In his book "A New Kind of Science", Wolfram attempts to get
around this problem while still working with classical
cellular automata. I don't really understand this attempt.
To get around the second problem, one can invent cellular automata
that exhibit *approximate* rotation and Lorentz symmetry, at least
when viewed at large length scales. This is another subject,
which I won't talk about here.

So, who invented the idea of a quantum cellular automaton?

Feynman's "quantum checkerboard" model of spinors in 2d spacetime,
dating back at least to 1965, is a nice *example* of a quantum
cellular automaton:

R. Feynman and A. Hibbs, Quantum Mechanics and Path Integrals,
McGraw-Hill, 1965.

In 1980 Benioff showed you could simulate a *classical* Turing
machine using quantum mechanics:

P. Benioff, "The Computer as a Physical System: A Microscopic Quantum
Mechanical Hamiltonian Model of Computers as Represented by Turing
Machines," Journal of Statistical Physics, Vol. 22 (1980), pp. 563-591.
and in 1982 Feynman showed that classical Turing machines can't
simulate quantum systems without an exponential slowdown:
Richard Feynman, "Simulating Physics with Computers," Optics News
Vol. 11 (1982), pp. 467-488.

But when did people first say the words "quantum cellular automaton"?
Deutsch invented "quantum circuits" around 1989:

D. Deutsch, Quantum computational networks, Proc. Roy. Soc. London
Ser. A, 425 (1989), pp. 73-90.
Norm Margolus certainly was speaking about quantum cellular
automata in this 1990 paper:

N. Margolus, Parallel quantum computation, in W. H. Zurek, ed.,
Complexity, Entropy, and the Physics of Information, vol. VIII,
pp. 273-87, Addison-Wesley, 1990, also available as

http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/margolus91parallel.html

But I don't see the actual phrase "quantum cellular
automaton" in here!

Oh well... it doesn't really matter who first uttered the
phrase. The important thing is that people have been studying
quantum cellular automaton for quite a while now. This thesis
is a nice introduction to the subject:
Wim van Dam, Quantum cellular automata, Master's Thesis,
University of Nijmegen, Netherlands, 1996,

http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/vandam96quantum.html

and it also describes a universal quantum cellular automaton,
which simulates any other with only a linear slowdown.
Here's a nice website on quantum cellular automata, with an
emphasis on how you might actually build them with quantum dots:

http://www.nd.edu/~qcahome/

Both these have a bunch of references to other papers.

>If you want to connect physics to CAs, why not also
>connect physics to QCAs?

Indeed! To quote the master:

"I'm not happy with all the analyses that go with just
the classical theory, because nature isn't classical, dammit!"
- Richard Feynman, "Simulating Physics with Computers"

Saturday, April 24, 2004

Hallo !! I'm here !!